Quiz: Physiology

When the brain becomes aware of sensory impulses

A perception B sensation C projection D d

When the brain interprets sensory impulses it is called

A sensation B projection C perception D d

When the cerebral cortex causes the feeling to seem to come from the stimulated receptors it is called..

A projection B perception C sensation D d

Chemical synapses in the nervous system :

A allow diffusion of chemical substances form the presynaptic neuron into the postsynaptic neuron B allow transmission of potential changes in one direction only; from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic neurons C have potential-gated ionic channels D have potential-gated ionic channels

Synaptic transmission s terminated by

A block of pretsynaptic receptors B elevation of Ca ++ concentration in synaptic cleft C reuptake of neurotransmitters by postsynaptic neurons D degradation of neurotransmitters by specific enzymes

In chemical synapses, transmission occurs in a forward direction because :-

A neurotransmitter receptors are found only in the postsynaptic membrane B neurotransmitter receptors are found only in the postsynaptic membrane C neurotransmitter receptors are found only in the postsynaptic membrane D the subsynaptic membrane contains both ligand-gated and voltage-gated ionic channels

Synaptic delay

A is the time needed for release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles B the minimal delay time in the central nervous system is about 0.5 millisecond C is determined by the type of the neurotransmitter D is determined by the number of postsynaptic receptors

Synaptic fatigue is due to:

A decreased synthesis of neurotransmitters B inability to release neurotransmitters by exocytosis C failure of action potentials to open voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in presynaptic terminal D imbalance in between rates of synthesis and release of neurotransmitters

Synaptic transmission is inhibited by all the following, except :

A oxygen lack B alkalosis C acidosis D prolonged activity of synapse

Regarding characters of visceral pain, which of the following is incorrect

A It is fast pain conducted by C fibers B It is diffuse, poorly localized the patient feels pain arising from inside but he cannot pinpoint it exactly C It is often associated with nausea and autonomic reactions. D It can be associated with rigidity of nearby muscles.

Type A nerve fibers

A Carry sensation of fast pain B One of the baroreceptors C Carry sensation of slow pain D Located in aortic bodies

The two sensations of fast and slow pain arise from activation of

A The terminals of Aδ and C nerve fibres respectively B Superficial and deep body structures respectively C TRPV1 and mechanically-gated ion channels respectively D Spinothalamic tract and spinobrachial tract neurons respectively

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A Visceral pain tends to be poorly localized & is often referred to distal sites B Visceral pain can initiate reflex contraction of nearby skeletal muscle C Ischemic muscle tends to be persistently painful until reperfusion occurs, due to accumulation of metabolic products such as potassium. D All of the above

Sharp, localized (fast) pain is rapidly transmitted to the central nervous system along

A large, myelinated A-beta fibers B delta and C fibres C small, unmyelinated C fibers. D small, myelinated A-delta fibers.

Regarding pain receptors the following are true except

A Widely distributed in the skin B Few in deep tissues and all viscera C Brain has many pain receptors D the liver, kidneys, and lungs have no pain receptors

Regarding pain sensation the following is true

A Pain receptors are of low threshold. B the pain receptors needs sufficient degree of tissue damage to be stimulated. C the pain receptors are morphologically and functionally similar D Thermosensitive pain receptors are: Respond to any changes in temp (above 45°C and below 10°C).

Cutaneous pain :-

A is always sharp in character B is transmitted by Aδ sensory fibers C is always followed by hyperalgesia D evokes spasm of nearby muscles

Deep pain shows the following characteristics, except :-

A dull aching B throbbing C evokes flexor reflexes D diffuse

Intermittent Claudications evoke :-

A visceral pain B deep pain C cutaneous hyperalgesia D colicky pain

Pain produced by muscle spasm results from :-

A decreased release of lactic acid from the spastic muscle fibers B - release of compounds from the spastic muscle which increase the threshold for stimulation of pain receptors C increased oxygen supply to the muscle D It results from occlusion of the blood flow to the muscle

Visceral pain :

A is more common than the other types of pain B arises only from wall of the visceral organs C is often well localized D diffuse -poorly localized-and dull aching pain

Stimuli which evoke true visceral pain include all the following, except :

A sharp cutting B stretching C spasm D chemical irritation

Pain receptors :

A More sensitive with prolonged stimulation B Stimulated by prostglandins C More numerous in viscera than other tissues D Include different morphological types

Pain sensation

A Evoked by strong stimulation of specific receptors B Produces reactions that block transmission of pain impulses C Arises from small encapsulated receptors D Occurs when the stimulus causes damage of the senscry receptors

Which of the following sensory receptors are involved in detecting changes in carbon dioxide levels in the blood?

A Chemoreceptors B Exteroceptors C encapsulated receptors D mechanical receptors

Nociceptors respond to

A Changes in temperature at the site of the receptor B Compression, bending, or stretching of cells C Painful mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli D Light striking a receptor cell

Regarding pain receptors the following are true except

A Widely distributed in the skin B Few in deep tissues and all viscera C Brain has many pain receptors D the liver, kidneys, and lungs have no pain receptors

Pain receptors are stimulated by

A temperature change B tissue damage C light energy D pressure or movement

Pain receptors are stimulated by

A temperature change B tissue damage C light energy D pressure or movement

pain receptors Widely distributed in

A The skin B The bone C The bone D The bone

The ability to ignore unimportant stimuli is called

A sensory receptors B perception C sensations D sensory adaptation

Specificity, excitability, adaptation and rate of discharge are Properties of the Receptors are

A Afferent B Efferent C Autonomic nerves D Receptors

Arterial baroreceptors are

A Slowly adapting receptors B Non-adapting receptors C Rapidly adapting receptors D Moderately adapting receptors

Chemoreceptors in aortic and carotid bodies are involved in

A regulation of ABP& Heart rate B maintenance of the body posture and equilibrium. C protective mechanisms D regulation of respiration

These detect environmental changes and trigger nerve impulses that travel on sensory pathways into the CNS.

A sensory receptors B the five senses C somatic senses D special senses

These detect environmental changes and trigger nerve impulses that travel on sensory pathways into the CNS.

A sensory receptors B the five senses C somatic senses D special senses

Simple sensory receptors (or somatic senses) contain:

A touch, pressure, temperature, pain B smell, taste, C hearing, equilibrium, D vision

Receptors are more sensitive to...

A sensation B perception C environmental change D location change

Chemoreceptors are stimulated by..

A changes in environment B changes in temperature C ight energy D changes in chemical concentration of substances

Pain receptors are stimulated by...

A temperature change B tissue damage C pressure or movement D light energy

Thermoreceptors are stimulated by...

A temperature change B light energy C chemical concentration D chemical concentration

Mechanoreceptors are stimulated by...

A pressure or movement B light energy C temperature change D chemical change

Photoreceptors are stimulated by

A light energy B pain C tissue damage D tissue damage

Human receptors are classified into the types:

A sensory and motor receptors B photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and thermoreceptors C Pacinian, Meissner, and Ruffini receptors D central, peripheral and sympathetic receptors

Which of the following sensory receptors are involved in detecting changes in carbon dioxide levels in the blood?

A Chemoreceptors B Exteroceptors C encapsulated receptors D mechanical receptors

The most important information about our sense of position and of movement is provided

A By the Ruffini endings in skin B By both Ruffini endings and the Pacinian corpuscles in skin C By skin Ruffini endings and joint receptors D By the muscle spindles and the Golgi Tendon organs.

Properties of the Receptors are

A Specificity B Excitability C Adaptation D all of the above

Characteristics of the receptor potential include the following except

A Graded Amplitude: B Passive Localized spread: C Summation D Has refractory period

The ability to ignore unimportant stimuli is called

A sensory receptors B perception C sensations D sensory adaptation

Adaptation of receptors means

A decline or decrease in the rate of discharge from the receptors due to prolonged constant stimulation B a gradual increase in the rate of discharge from the receptors under maintained constant stimulation. C Sudden decrease in the rate of discharge from the receptors under maintained constant stimulation D a gradual decrease in the rate of discharge from the receptors due to sudden weak stimulation.

Slowly adapting receptors include the following except

A Tactile receptors B Pain receptors C Arterial baroreceptors D Cold receptors

Regarding Significance Slowly adapting receptors all the following are true

A Arterial baroreceptors: regulation of ABP& Heart rate B MS spindles and joint receptors: maintenance of the body posture and equilibrium C Pain receptors :initiate protective mechanisms D all of the above

Most sensory receptors:

A )Stimulated by different types of stimuli B Stimulated only by specific stimuli C Posses a high threshold for their specific stimuli D Only 'b' and 'c' are correct

Regarding sensory coding, It is ability of the higher centers of the brain to identify

A Modality B Locality C Intensity of the stimulus D All of the above

intensity of sensations discriminated by

A the frequency of discharge from the receptor of the afferent nerve. B the number of activated receptors. C hypersensitivity of the second and third order neurons. D both A&B

The sense of smell is important for the following

A Selection of the type of food B initiation of various secretions in the GIT through conditioned reflexes C Control of sexual functions D All of the above

The sense of taste is important for the following

A Initiation of various secretions in the GIT through conditioned reflexes B Control of sexual functions C Selection of the type of food D Prevention of ingestion of most poisons

Taste abnormalities include the following :

A Ageusia B Anosmia C dysosmia D Hyposmia

Functions of the Primary somatic sensory area (SI) include the following except

A fine touch sensation, i.e tactile localization and discrimination B localization of pain and temperature sensations. C -intensity discrimination of different stimuli D -this area is the center of stereognosis

Cortical representation of somatic sensation lies in:

A Central fissure B Pre-central gyrus C Post-central gyrus D Posterior parietal cortex

What region of the brain contains the primary visual cortex?

A The occipital lobe B The frontal lobe C The temporal lobe D The somatosensory cortex

Broca's area

A Is in the right frontal lobe and is responsible for memory formation B Is in the left frontal lobe and is responsible for articulation of speech C Is in the occipital lobe and is responsible for interpreting body language D Is part of the limbic system and is responsible for theperception of fear

The premotor area includes all the following, except :-

A Broca's area B head rotation area C supplemental motor area D hand skills area

Functions of the premotor area (area 6, 8 and 44) include the following except

A A center for head rotation towards different objects ---head rotation area B initiation of gross movements C center for verbalization of words D facilitation of stretch reflex

Functions of the Primary somatic sensory area (SI) include the following except

A fine touch sensation, i.e tactile localization and discrimination B localization of pain and temperature sensations. C intensity discrimination of different stimuli. D this area is the center of stereognosis

Cortical representation of somatic sensation lies in

A Central fissure B Pre-central gyrus C Post-central gyrus D Posterior parietal cortex

Which of the following is an example of monosynaptic reflex?

A Stretch reflex B Withdrawal reflex C Abdominal reflex D Baroreceptor reflex

regarding Cerebral Circulation the followings are true except

A Arrest of cerebral circulation for more than 5 sec causes loss of consciousness B Arrest for more than 3 min causes irreversible damage of the grey matter of the cortex C It receives 750 ml blood/min (14%of COP) D Amino acids is the major source of energy

Which of the following statements regarding main structures contribute in the planning of movement is INCORRECT?

A motor association area B basal ganglia C The premotor cortex D the lower motor neurons

Which of the following statements regarding main structures contribute in the execution of movement is INCORRECT?

A the motor cortex B basal ganglia C the lower motor neurons D skeletal muscles

Basal ganglia include all the following, except :-

A caudate nucleus B dentate nucleus C subthalamic nucleus D substantia nigra reticulate

Chemical transmitters in basal ganglia include all the following, except :

A GABA B Dopamine C Glutamate D Glycine

Functions of basal ganglia include all the following, except

A planning and programming of voluntary movements B initiation of reflex movemen C postural regulation D executing learned pattern of movement

Basal ganglia send direct projections to :-

A primary motor area B premotor area C VA and VL thalamic nuclei D lower motor neurons in spinal cord

Which of the parts of the cerebellum is correctly matched withitsfunction?

A Vestibulocerebellum-planning and learning rapid, complex movements B Spinocerebellum-comparator function C Cerebrocerebellum-balance D None of the above

Which of the following statements regarding main structures contribute in the execution of movement is INCORRECT?

A the motor cortex B basal ganglia C the lower motor neurons D skeletal muscles

Which of the following statements regarding functional divisions of the cerebellun is INCORRECT?

A Vestibulocerebellum (archicerebellum) &its function is equilibrium. B Spinocerebellum(paleocerebellum) & its function is coordination and inhibition of muscle tone C - Cerebrocerebellum (neocerebellum) & its function is planning and programming and it facilitate muscle tone D Vestibular apparatus &its function is equilibrium.

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