A previously healthy 9-yearold child comes to the emergency room because of fulminant upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The hemorrhage is most likely to be the result of :

Oesophageal diverticulae include all of the following except:

If a diagnosis of bleeding esophageal varices is made the appropriate initial therapy would be

the best tool for grading of gastro oesophageal reflux disease

The Mallory-Weiss syndrome Occurs most often in:

A previously healthy 8-year-old boy came to the emergency room because of massive hematemesis. The most probable cause is :

The following statements about the Mallory-Weiss syndrome are true except that it :

Which of the following gives the best results for carcinoma of the esophagus :

The most common cause of reflux esophagitis is :

The commonest congenital anomaly of the esophagus is :

Management of endoscopic perforation of the esophagus All are correct except:

Esophageal perforation is most often due to:

Cardiospasm is associated with:

The following are lines of medical treatment of achalasia:

Motility disorder in achalasia include:

As regards Plummer Vinson syndrome all are correct except:

The most accurate method to evaluate lymph nodes involvement in esophageal cancer is:

The worst palliative procedure for inoperable oesophageal carcinoma is:

Which of the following tests are helpful in assessing operability of esophageal cancer:

Which patient should be offered (even poor medical risk) anti-reflex surgery as first treatment option for G E R D

An asymptomatic lower esophageal ring (Schatzki's ring) is best treated by:

Factors associated with the development of complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease include:

The commonest diaphragmatic hernia in infants is:

The commonest diaphragmatic hernia in adults is:

As regard Bockdalek hernia all are correct except:

A new born diagnosed as esophageal atresia should be kept in:

The best investigation in an new born with arrest of catheter at 1 Ocm from nostril:

All of the following are part of VACTREL syndrome except:

The normal pressure of LOS is:

60-year-old male alcoholic is admitted to the hospital with hematemesis. His blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, the physical examination reveals splenomegaly and ascites, and the initial hematocrit is25%. Nasogastric suction yields 300 mL of fresh blood. After initial resuscitation, this man should undergo

Which of the following statements concerning carcinoma of the esophagus is not true?

True statements regarding Zenker's diverticulum include

Oesophageal manometry is a tool to measure

the most diagnostic study after resuscitation of a patient with massive haematemesis is: